The FBI's case write-up on the Duquesne spy ring (1985)

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION FREEDOM OF INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS SECTION COVER SHEET

Federal Bureau of Investigation "Washington, D.C. 20535 [REDACTED] March 12, 1985. DUQUESNE SPY RING On January 2, 1942, 33 members of a Nazi spy ring headed by Frederick Joubert Duquesne wére sentenced to serve a totai of over 300 years in prison. They were brought to justice “after a lengthy espionage investigation by the FBI. William Sebold, who had been recruited as a spy for Germany, was a. major factor in the FBI's successful resolution of this case through his work as a double agent for the United States. A native of Germany, William Sebold served in the German army during World War I. After leaving Germany in 1921, he worked in industrial and aircraft plants throughout the United States and South America. On February 10, 1936, he became a naturalized eitizen of the United States. Sebold returned to Germany in February, 1939, to visit his mother in Mulheim. Upon his arrival. in Hamburg, Germany, he was approached by a member of the Gestapo who said that Sebold would be contacted in the near future. Sebold proceeded to Mulheig where he obtained employment. In September, 1939, a Dr. Gassner visited Sebold in Mulheim and interrogated him regarding military planes and equipment in the United States. He also asked Sebold to return to the United States as an espionage agent for Germany. Subsequent visits by Dr. Gassner and a "Dr. Renken," later identified as Major Nickolaus Ritter of the German Secret Service, persuaded Sebold to cooperate with the Reich because he feared reprisals against family members still living in Germany. Since Sebold's passport had been stolen shortly after his first visit from Dr. Gassner, Sebold went to the American Consulate. in Cologne, Germany, to obtain a‘new one. While doing 80, Sebold secretly told personnel of the American Consulate about his future role as a German agent.and expressed his wish to cooperate with the FBI upon his return to America. Sebold reported to Hamburg, Germany, where he was instructed in such areas as preparing coded messages and microphotographs. Upon completion of training, he was given five microphotographs containing instructions for preparing a code and detailing the type of information he was to transmit to Germany from the United States. Sebold was told to retain two of the ~microphotographs and to deliver the other three to German.

65-8946" operatives in the United States. After receiving fifial instructions, including using the assumed nam@ of "Harry Sawyer he sailed from Genoa, Italy, and arrived in New York City on February 8, 1940. pee ve ae The FBI previously had been advised of Sebold's expected arrival, his mission and his intentions to assist them. in identifying German agents in the United States. Under the guidance of Special Agents, Sebold established residence in New York City as Harry Sawyer. Also, an office was established: for him as a consultant diesel engineer, to be used as a cover in establishing contacts with members of the spy ring. In selecting this office for Sebold, FBI. Agents ensured that they could “observe any meetings taking place there. In May, 1940, a Shortwave radio transmitting station operated by FBI Agents on Long Island established contact with the German shortwave station abroad. This radio station served as a main channel of communication between German Spies in New York City and their superiors in Germany for 16 months.” During this time, the FBI's radio station transmitted over 300 messages to Germany, and reeeived 200 messages from Germany. Seboid's success as a counterespionage agent against Nazi spies in. the United States is demonstrated by the suecessful prosecution of the 33 German agents in New York. Of those. arrested on charges of espionage, 19 pleaded guilty. The 14 men who entered pleas of not guilty were brought to trial in Federal District Court, Brooklyn, New York, on September 3, 1941, and they were all found guilty by jury on December 13, 1941. The activities of each of these convicted spies and Sebold's role in uncovering their espionage activities for the Reich follow. FREDERICK JOUBERT DUQUESNE Born in Cape Colony, South Africa, on September 21, 1877, Frederick Joubert Duquesne emigrated from Hamilton, Bermuda, to the United States in 1902 and became a naturalized United States citizen on December 4, 1913. ‘Duquesne was implicated in fraudulent insurance claims, including one that resulted from a fire aboard the British steamship Tennyson which caused the vessel to sink on February 18, 1916. When he was arrested on November 17, 1917;.he had in his »possession-a large file of news clippings concerning bomb explosions on ships, as well as a letter from the Assistant German Vice Consul at Managua, Nicaragua. The letter indicated that "Captain Duquesne" was "one who has rendered considerable service to the German cause."

1.0. 65-8gN6 When ‘Sebold returned to the Unite 1s in Pebruary,- Jeno, Duquesne, wee operating a business knowns! the "Mir ferminals Company" in Néw.¥ork Crty... After @#Btablishing his first contact with Duqueépe bytLetter, Sebold met with him-in halt Duquesne’s office. During their initia] meeting, Duquesne, who” -was extremely concerned about the possibility of electronic surveillance devices being present in his office, gave Sebold a, note stating that they should talk elsewhere. After relocating: to an Automat, the two men exchanged information about members of the German espionage system with whom they had been in contact...” Duquesne provided Sebold with information for transmittal to Germany during subsequent meetings, and the meetings which occurred in Sebold's: office were filmed by FBI Agents. Duquesne, who was vehemently anti-British, submitted information dealing with natidnal defense in America, the sailing of ships to British ports and technology. He also regularly received money from Germany in payment for his services. On one o¢ecasion, Duquesne provided Sebold with photographs and specifications of a new type of bomb being ‘produced in the United States: He claimed that he secured that material by Secretly entering the DuPent plant in Wilmington, Delaware. Duquesne also explained how fires could be started in industrial plants. Much of the information Duquesne obtained wes the resuit of his correspondence with industrial concerns. Representing himself as a student, he requested data concerning’ their products and manufacturing conditions. Duquesne was brought to trial and was convicted. He ‘was sentenced to serve 18 years in prison on eSpionage charges, as well as a 2-year concurrent sentence and payment of a $2,000 fine for violation of the Registration Act. PAUL BANTE A native of Germany, Paul Bante served in the German army during World War I. He came to the United States in 1930 and became a naturalized United States citizen in 1938. Bante, formerly a member of the German-American Bund, Claimed that Germany put him in contact with one of their. operatives, Paul Fehse, because of Bante's previous association _with a Dr. Ignatz T. Griebl. Before fleeing to Germany to escape “se-proseeution, Dr.-Griebl had been implicated in: Naziwspy ring with Guenther Gustave Rumrich, who was tried on’espionage charges in 1938.

would assist Germany. Bac. 65-8986 Bante assisted Paul Fehige in obtaining information about. ships bound for Britain with war materials and supplies. Bante claimed .that.as a member of the Gestapo his function was ito create discontent: among union workers, stating that. every strike: Sebold met Bante at the Little Casino Restaurant, which was frequented by several members of this spy ring. During one: such meeting, Bante advised that he was preparing a fuse bomb, and he subsequently delivered dynamite and detonation caps to Sebold. Entering a guilty plea to violation of. the Registration Act, Bante was sentenced to 18 months! imprisonment and was fined $1, 000. MAX BLANK Max Blank came to the United States from Germany in 1928. Although he never became a United States citizen, Blank had been employed in New York City at a German library and ata book store which catered ee MOET trade, Paul Fehse, a- ‘major figure in this case, informed Germany that Blank, who was. acquainted with several members of the spy ring, could secure some valuable information but lacked “the funds to do so. Later Fehse and Blank met with Sebold in his office. They told Sebold that Blank could obtain details about rubberized self-sealing airplane gasoline tanks, as well as a new braking device for airplanes, from a friend who worked in a Shipyard. However, he needed money to get the-information. Blank pleaded guilty to violation of the Registration Act. He received a sentence of 18 months' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine. a ALFRED E, BROKOFF Alfred E. Brokhoff, a native of Germany, came to the United States in 1923 and became a naturalized citizen in 1929. He was a mechanic for the United States Lines in New York City for 17 years prior to his arrest. Because of his employment on .the docks, he knew almost all of the other agents in this group who were working as seamen on various ships. Brokhoff helped Fehse secure information’ ‘about the Sailing dates and cargoes of vessels destined for England. He also assisted Fehse in:transmitting this information to Germany. Also, another German agent, George V. Leo Waalen, reported that. he had received information. from Brokhoff for transmittal to Germany.

TC. 65-8986 oe rs "Upon ‘gonviction, Brokhotf was sentenced to serve a ve ipear prison term for violation of the espionage statutes ang. to serve a two-year cdéncurrent sentence for violation of the Registration Act. “You os HEINRICH CLAUSING In September, 1934, German-born Heinrich Clausing came to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen in 1938. Having served on various ships sailing from New York Harbor since his arrival in the country, he was employed as a cook on the SS Argentine at the time of his arrest. Closely associated with Franz Stigler, one of the prineipal contact men for this spy ring, Clausing operated as courier. He transported microphotographs and other material from the United States to South American ports, from which the information was sent to Germany via Italian airlines. He also established a mail drop in South America for expeditious transmittal of information: to Germany by mail. €tausing was convicted and was sentenced to serve eight years for violation of espionage statutes. He also received a twoeyear concurrent sentence for ECHR of the Registration Act. CONRADIN OTTO DOLD Conradin Otto Dold came to the United States from Germany in 1926. He became a United States citizen in 1934 under the Seaments Act. Prior to his arrest, he was Chief Steward aboard the SS' Siboney of the American Export Lines. Dold was related to people holding high positions. in Germany and was closely associated with other members of the espionage group who worked on ships sailing from New York Harbor. As a courier, Dold carried information from Nazi agents in the United States to contacts in neutral ports abroad for transmittal to Germany. Dold was sentenced to serve ten years in prison-on espionage charges and received a two-year concurrent sentence and x) fine of $1,000 for violation of the GOSS EIS On Act. i RUDOLF EBELING After leaving Germany for the United States in 1925, Rudolf Ebeling became an American citizen in 1933. He was employed as a foreman in the Shipping Department of Harper .and Brothers in New York City when he was arrested.

4. st in “ding: ip: autings and cargdes,.¥ high, he. provided to Papl Fenec. for Frapsettusl: to Germany. He aise ‘arnished such information, te. Leo Waalen, who» delivered the material to" Sebold for transmittal. Upon conviction; ‘Ebeling was sentenced to five years in ‘prison on espionage charges. He also received a two-year congurrent sentence and. a $1, 000 fine for violating the Regietrattor Act. RICHARD EICHENLAUB “Richard Eichenlaub, who came to the United States in 1930 and became a citizen in 1936, operated the Little Casino Restaurant in the Yorkville Section of New York City. This restaurant was a rendezvous for many members of this ‘spy ring, and Eichenlaub introduced several new members into the group. Eichenlaub reported to the German Gestapo and often obtained information from his customers who were engaged in national defense production. Through Eichenlaub, dynamite was AES IIRSS to Sebold from Bante. Having entered a plea of guilty to violation of the negittrevion Act, Eichenlaub was sentenced.to pay a fine of $1,000 and to serve 18 months in prison. HEINRICH CARL EILERS A native of Germany, Heinrich Carl Eilers came.to the ‘United: States in 1923 and became a citizen in 1932. From 1933 until his: arrest, he served as a steward on ships sailing from New York City. Eilers made a trip from New York to Washington, D.C., to obtain information for Germany from the Civil Aeronautics Authority. His mission, however, was unsuccessful. At the time of his arrest in New York City by Customs authorities in June, 1940, he had in his possession 20 letters addressed to people throughout Europe.’ He also had books, relating to magnesium and aluminum alloys which had been sent to him by Edmund Carl Heine, one of eu principal EOS CUGINE ‘gan this groupe ..gse we Re uf aS Upon conviction, Eilers received a Sos cafes sentence on espionage charges and a concurrent sentence of two years' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine under the Registration Act.

re TE RES De “Te. 65-8946 PAUL. FEHSE oo In 1934, Pavl Fehse left Germany for the United States, ‘where he became a citizen in’ 1938. Sincé his arrival ih this. country, he had been employed as a cook aboard ships sailing from New York Harbor. Fehse was one of the directing forces in this espionage group. He arranged meetings, directed members' activities, correlated information that had been developed, and arranged for its transmittal to Germany, chiefly through Sebold. Fehse, who was trained for espionage work in Hamburg, Germany, claimed he headed the Marine Division of the German espionage system in the United States. Having become quite apprehensive and nervous, Fehse made plans to leave the country. He obtained a position on the SS Siboney, which was scheduled to sail from Hoboken, New Jersey, for Lisbon, Portugal, on March 29, 1941. He planned to desert Ship in Lisbon and return to Germany. fowever, before he could leave the United States, Fehse was arrested by FBI Agents. Upon arrest, he admitted sending letters to Italy for transmittal to Germany, as well as reporting © the movements of British ships. On April 1, 1941, Fehse was sentenced on a plea of guilty to serve one year and one day in prison for violation of the Registration Act. He subsequently pleaded guilty to eSpionage and received a prison sentence of 15 years. EDMUND CARL HEINE A native of Germany, Edmund Car] Heine came to the United States in 1914 and became a naturalized citizen in 1920. Until 1938, he held various positions in the foreign sales and service departments of Ford Motor Company and Chrysler Motor Corporation. His employment took him to the West Indies, South America, Spain, and Berlin, Germany. -Heine was closely associated with Dr. Hans Luther, former German Ambassador in ‘Washington, D.C., and Prince Louis Ferdinand of Berlin. Heine sent letters from Detroit, Michigan, to Lilly “Stein, ‘one of the German spies Sebold was instructed “to contact. The letters contained detailed technical data regarding the military, aircraft construction and various industries. ..He also wrote to aircraft companies to obtain information about their production, number of employees and the time required to construct military planes.

not reach Eilers, ‘Heine indicated the oer address on. thie. package as the address of Lilly Stein. Upon convietion of violating the Registration Act, Heine received a $5,000 fine and a two-year prison sentence. FELIX JAHNKE In 1924, Felix Jahnke left Germany for the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen in 1930. Jahnke had attended military school in SCTE and had served in. the German army as a radio operator. Jahnke and Axel Wheeler-Hill- “secured the services of Josef Klein, a radio technician, in building a portable radio set for Jahnke's apartment in the Bronx. Jahnke used this radio to transmit messages, which were intercepted by the FBI, to Germany. He also visited the docks in New York harbor to obtain information about. any vessels ‘bound for England. After: pleading guilty to violation of the Registration Act, Jahnke was sentenced to. ‘Serve 20 months in prison and to pay a $1, 000 fine. oo GUSTAV wiles karncure Gustav Wilhelm Kaercher came to the United States:in 1923, becoming a citizen in 1931. He served in the German army during World War I and was a former leader of the German Bund in New York. During visits to Germany, he was seen to have worn a German army officer's uniform. At the time of his arrest,..he was engaged in designing power plants for the American Gas and. Electric Company in New York City. Kaercher was arrested with Paul Scholtz, who had just handed Kaercher a table of call letters and frequencies for transmitting information to Germany by radio. As a result of his guilty plea to charges of violating the Registration Act, Kaercher pOaahuGe a $2, 000 fine anda peaipr isons sentence of 22 months. BS Bigdes JOSEF KLEIN A native of Germany, Josef Kiein came to the United States in 1925; he did not become a citizen. «Klein, A os photographer and lithographer, had been interested in the building and operation of shortwave radio transmitters.

Lei saristhuceee: widorthie' dhe ptldee: ag and receiving set for Felix danke ist Axe ere Wien -he built the radio. seb, Klein ee it yond be used for transmitting messages to Germany. a Upon conviction, Klein received a seditence of five years’ imprisonment on espionage charges and a concurrent sentence of two years' imprisonment under the Registration Act... “HARTWIG RICHARD KLEISS .Born in Germany, Hartwig Richard Kleiss came to this country in 1925 and became a naturalized citizen six years later. Following his arrival in the United States, he was employed as a cook on various ‘Ships. ‘Kleiss obtained information for Germany, including blueprints of the SS America which showed the locations of newly installed gun emplacements. He included information about how guns would-be brought .into position for firing. Kleiss also obtained details on the construction and performance of new Speedboats, being developed by the United States Navy, which he CREE he Sebold for ‘transmittal to Germanys ae Kleiss had originally ehosen. to stand trial. However, — atver cross-examination, he changed, his plea to guilty on.charge of espionage and received an eight-year prison sentence. HERMAN W. LANG "Herman Lang cane to the United States from. Germany in 1927 ‘and became a citizen in 1939. He was one of four people Sebold had been told to contact in the United States. Until his arrest, Lang had been employed by a company. manufacturing highly confidential materials essential to the national defense of the United States. During a visit to Germany in 1938, Lang conferred with German military authorities and reconstructed plans of the confidential materials from memory. Upon conviction, Lang received a sentence of 18 -years in prison on espionage charges and a 2-year concurrent sentence wider oe _Regi stration Act. 7 EVELYN “CLAYTON LEWIS it. A native of. -Arkansas, Evelyn Clayton Lewis had been living with Frederick Joubert Duquesne in New York City. Miss Lewis had expressed her anti-British and anti-Semitic feelings during her relationship with Duquesne. She was aware of his

sapionage. pptivities: el. condoned thes; ‘Yoile Hie was not active in obtaining information for’ Germany, she. shel ped. Duquesne prepare matérial for transmittal abroad. Upon a guilty ples, Miss Lewis was eetenose to serve: one year and one day in prison for violation of the Registraticn Act. RENE EMANUEL MEZENEN Rene Emanuel Mezenen, a Frenchman, claimed United States citizenship through the naturalization of his .father. Prior to his arrest he was employed as a steward in the transatlantic clipper service. The German Intelligence Service in Lisbon, Portugal, asked Mezenen to act as a courier, transmitting information between the United States and Portugal on his regular trips on the clipper. He accepted this offer for financial gain. In the course of flights across the Atlantic, Mezenen also reported his observance of convoys Sailing for England. He also became involved in smuggling platinun from the United States to ae Portugal. Following a plea of guilty, Mezenen received an eight- year prison term for espionage and two concurrent years for registration violations. CARL REUPER Having come to the United States from Germany in. 1929, Carl Reuper became a citizen in 1936. Prior to his arrest. he served as an inspector for the Westinghouse Electric Company in Newark, New Jersey. Reuper obtained photographs for Germany relating to national defense materials and construction, which he obtained from his employment. He arranged radio contact with Germany through the station established by Felix Jahnke. On one occasion, he conferred with Sebold regarding Sebold's facilities for communicating with German authorities. Upon conviction, Reuper was sentenced to 16 years! imprisonment on espionage charges and 2 years! concurrent --“Bentence ander tthe Registration Act. EVERETT MINSTER ROEDER Born.in the Bronx, New York, Roeder was a draftsman and designer of confidential materials for the United States Army and Navy.

14apee. Cet Bias i.c. 65-8936 oe “Sebold, had delivered micréghotecragh inst owe to Roeder, as ordered: by German authorities. Roeder apd Sebold met .in public places and proceeded to spots where they’ Gould talk privately. In 1936, Roeder had visited Germany and was requested by German authorities to act as an espionage agent. Primarily due to monetary rewards he would receive, Roeder agreed. Roeder entered a guilty plea to the charge of espionage and was sentenced. to 16 years in prison. PAUL ALFRED W. SCHOLZ A German native, Paul Scholz came to the United States in 1926 but never attained citizenship. He had been employed in German book stores in New York City, where he disseminated Nazi propaganda. Scholz had arranged for Josef Klein to construct the radio set used by Felix Jahnke and Axel Wheeler-Hill. At the time of tis arrest, Schoiz had just given Gustav Wilhelm Kaercher a list of radio. eall letters and frequencies. He also encouraged members of this spy ring to secure data for Germany and arranged contacts between various German agents. Upon conviction, Scholz was sentenced to 16 years! imprisonment for espionage with 2 years’ concurrent sentence under the Registration Act. GEORGE GOTTLOB SCHUH George Schuh, a native of Germany, came to the ox United States in 1923. He became a citizen in 1939 and was employed as a carpenter. As a German agent, he sent information directly to the Gestapo in Hamburg, Germany, ‘from this country. Schuh had provided Alfred Brokhoff information that Winston Churchill had .arrived in the United States on the HMS George V. He also. furnished information to Germany concerning the movement of ships carrying materials and supplies to Britain. “Having pleaded guilty to violation of the Registration Act, Schuh received a sentence of 18 PEAS in SU Setee ee a $1, 000 fine.

.“r supplies to England. Ao oe ae ia TLHELM SIEGLER ‘eame £0 the. united” ‘States from Germany in ee slegi -1929-and attained eitizenship in 1936. He had served as chief butcher on the SS America until it’ was taken over bY the United States Navy. & courier, Siegler brought microphotographic instructions to Sebold from German authorities on one occasion. He also had brought $2,900 from German contacts abroad to pay Lilly Stein, Duquesne and Roeder for their services and to buy a bomb sight. He served the espionage group as an organizer and contact man, and he also obtained information about the movement _of ships and. military defense preparations at the Panama Canal. Subsequent to his-econviction, Siegler was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment on espionage charges and a concurrent 2-year term for violation of the Registration Act. OSCAR RICHARD STABLER Born in Germany, Oscar Stabler eame to this country in 1923 and became: a citizen In 1933. He had been employed primarily as a barber aboard” transoceanic ships. In December's. 190, British authorities in Bermuda found amap of Gibralter in Bis possession. He was detained for a short period before being released. A close associate of: Conradin Otto Dold, Stabler served as a courier, transmitting information between German agents in the United States and .contacts abroad.. “Stabler was convicted and sentenced to serve five.years in prison for espionage and a two-year concurrent term under the Registration Act. HEINRICH STADE Heinrich Stade came to the United States from Germany in 1922 and became a citizen in.1929. Stade had arranged .for Paul Bante's contact with Sebold and had transmitted data to Germany regarding points oes rendezvous for convoys carrying “eee Following a guilty plea to violation of the Registration Act, Stade was fined $1,000 and received a 15-month prison SEG TOC

eR paren T.Ge 65-8946, LELEY BARBARA CAROLA STEIN) Born in Vienna, Austria, Lilly Stein, met Hugo Sebold,’ the espionage instructor whe had trained William Sebold (the two ‘men ‘Were not related) in Hamburg, Germany. She enrolled in this school and was sent to the United States in 1939. Lilly Stein was one of the people to whom Sebold had been instructed to deliver microphotograph instructions upon his arrival in this country. She frequently met with Sebold to give him information for transmittal to Germany, and her address was used aS a return address by other agents in mailing data for Germany. Miss Stein pleaded guilty and received sentences of 10 years’ and 2 concurrent years' imprisonment for violations of espionage and registration Statutes, respectively. FRANZ JOSEPH STIGLER In 1931, Franz Stigler left Germany for the United States, where he became a citizen in 1939. He had been employed as a crew member aboard United States ships until his discharge from the SS America when the United States Navy converted that ship into the USS West Point. His constant companion was Erwin Siegler, and they operated as couriers in transmitting information between the United States and German agents abroad. Stigler sought to recruit amateur radio operators in the United States as channels of communication to German radio stations. He had also observed and reported ‘defense preparations in the Canal Zone and had met with other German agents to advise them in their espionage pursuits. Upon conviction, Stigler was sentenced to serve 16 years in prison on espionage charges with 2 concurrent years for registration violations. ERICH STRUNCK A seaman aboard ships of the United States Lines since his arrival in this country, Erich Strunck came to ‘the aie oe den. #United States from Germany in 1927. -He became a maturalized SS citizen in 1935. As a courier, Strunck carried messages between German agents in the United States and Europe. He requested authority to steal the diplomatic bag of a British officer traveling aboard gis ship and to dispose of the officer by pushing him overboard. ebold convinced him that it would be too risky to do so.

‘Strunck was convicted and séiitenced to Merve 10 year's te ‘in prison on espionage charges. He algo was. sentenced to serve twoeyear concurrent term ‘under the Registration Act OEE OS LEO WARLEN Waalen was born in Danzig while that city was under German domination. He entered the United States by "jumping Ship" about 1935. He was a painter for a small boat company which was constructing small eraft for the United States Navy. Waalen gathered information about ships sailing for England. He. also obtained a confidential booklet issued by the FBI which contained Precautions to be taken by industrial plants to safeguard national defense materials from sabotage. Waalen also secured Government contracts listing specifications for... materials and equipment, as well as detailed sea charts of the: United States Atlantic coastline. Following his conviction, Waalen was sentenced to 12 years in prison for espionage and a concurrent 2-year term for violation of the Registration Act. ADOLF HENRY AUGUST WALISCHEWSKI “A German native, Walischewski had been a seaman since maturity. He became a naturalized eitizen in 1935. Walischewski became connected with the German espionage System through Paul Fehse. His duties were confined those of courier, carrying data from agents in the United States to™ contacts abroad. ee) Upon conviction, Walischewski received a five-year prison sentence on espionage charges, as well as a two-year concurrent sentence under the Registration Act. ELSE WEUSTENFELD Else Weustenfeld arrived in the United States from Germany in 1927 and became a citizen 10 years later. From 1935 -> until her arrest, she was a secretary for a law firm representing “the German Consulate in New York City. oo: me Miss Weustenfeld was ‘thoroughly acquainted ‘with the German espionage system and delivered funds to Duquesne which she had received from Lilly Stein, her close friend. She lived in New York City with Hans W. Ritter, a. principal in the German espionage system. His brother, Nickolaus

Ritter, was the "Dk. Henken” wtio had” enlis agent. In/1986, Weustenfeld visited Hans ter 4 @ aS a paymaster for the German Intel: 8 a Gerivan igence “he was servin, Service. ‘After pleading guilt Else Weustenfeld-was sentenced to five years' imprisonment on®charge of espionage and two concurrent years on charge of registration violdtions. AXEL WHEELER-HILL Axel Wheeler-Hill came to the United States in 1923 from his native land of Russia. He was naturalized as a citizen in 1929 and was employed as a truck driver. Wheeler#=Hill obtained information for Germany regarding: ships sailing to Britain from New York harbor. With Felix Jahnke, he enlisted the aid of Paul Seholz in building a radio set for sending coded messages to Germany. ing conviction, Wheeler-Hill was sentenced to serve 15 years in prison for espionage and 2 concurrent years under the Registration Act. BERTRAM WOLFGANG ZENZINGER Born in Germany, Zenzinger came to the United States in 1940 as a naturalized citizen of the Union of South Africa. His reported reason for coming to this country was to ‘study, mechanical dentistry in Los Angeles, California. Je in July 1940, Zenzinger received a pencil for preparing invisible messages for Germany in the mail from Siegler. He “sent Several letters to Germany through a mail drop in Sweden outlining details of national defense materials. Zenzinger was arrested by FBI Agents on April 16, 1941. Pleading guilty, he received 18 months in prison for violation of the Registration Act and 8 years imprisonment for espionage.